A benchmark of different starting modes of a passive Fuel Cell/Ultracapacitor hybrid source for an electric vehicle application

A benchmark of different starting modes a passive Fuel Cell (FC)/Ultracapacitors (UCs) hybrid source is presented. Passive hybridization consist to directly connect the FC and UC without power electronics. Compared with active sources, presents some advantages: lower volume weight, ease implementation, cost. However, distribution among sources no longer controllable. Additionally, FC–UC source’s start-up could lead high inrush currents faster degradation. evaluated by simulations experimentally. Three for an automobile application are considered: progressive starting, short circuit, using resistive pre-charge device.